Many of the
Standard Query Operators return elements when iterated over using the
foreach statement. These operators essentially do no work UNTIL the first element is requested, and then suspend until the next element is requested. Until the returned query is iterated over, no work is carried out internally for any of these statements. This deferred execution allows you to control when and if potentially lengthy work is carried out.
If you want a query to be realized immediately, call
ToList,
ToArray or any of the other operators that need to enumerate the entire sequence to return a result.
LINQ leverages a language feature added in C# 2.0 that made it simpler when writing methods that returned one element at a time when iterated over. The
yield return statement essentially suspends a loop by returning a value, picking up exactly where it left off next time a MoveNext is called.
The MSDN library describes operators that use Deferred Execution as:
This method is implemented using deferred execution. The immediate return value is an object that stores all the information required to perform the action. The query represented by this method is not executed until the object is enumerated either by calling its GetEnumerator method directly or by using foreach in Visual C# or For Each in Visual Basic.
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